蒸汽循环

Steam cycle

世纪90年代后，以煤为代表的化石燃料发电技术的飞速发展，使整个发电厂的发电效率，蒸汽的温度和压力得到了大幅提高。对于秸杆燃烧发电设备，也同样取得了很大发展。但是，相对与燃煤设备，秸秆燃烧发电设备的设计建设经验相对较少。而且秸杆还具有独特的特性，使其很难达到较高的蒸汽参数。尤其是秸杆中氯化物含量较高，增加了锅炉在高蒸汽压力下腐蚀的可能性。多数秸杆燃烧发电厂的发电效率只能达到30%左右。一般而言，秸秆发电厂在发电的同时都供热，以提高整个电厂的效率。

After the 1990s, the rapid development of fossil fuel power generation technology represented by coal significantly improved the power generation efficiency, steam temperature, and pressure of the entire power plant. For straw burning power generation equipment, significant progress has also been made. However, compared to coal-fired equipment, there is relatively less experience in the design and construction of straw burning power generation equipment. Moreover, straw also has unique characteristics, making it difficult to achieve high steam parameters. Especially the high chloride content in straw increases the possibility of boiler corrosion under high steam pressure. The power generation efficiency of most straw burning power plants can only reach about 30%. Generally speaking, straw power plants provide heating while generating electricity to improve the efficiency of the entire power plant.

燃烧发电

Combustion power generation

发电厂内建设两个独立的秸杆仓库。每个仓库都有大门，运输货车可从大门驶入，然后停在地磅上称重，秸杆同时要测试含水量。任何一包秸杆的含水量超过25%，则为不合格。

Build two independent straw warehouses within the power plant. Each warehouse has a gate, and transport trucks can enter through the gate and stop on the weighing scale to weigh the straw. At the same time, the moisture content of the straw needs to be tested. If the moisture content of any bag of straw exceeds 25%, it is considered unqualified.

在欧洲的发电厂中，这项测试由安装在自动起重机上的红外传感器来实现。在，可以手动将探测器插入每一个秸杆捆中测试水分，该探测器能存储99组测量值，测量完所有秸杆捆之后，测量结果可以存入连接地磅的计算机。然后使用叉车卸货，并将运输货车的空车重量输入计算机。计算机可根据前后的重量以及含水量计算出秸杆的净重。

In power plants in Europe, this test is carried out by infrared sensors installed on automatic cranes. In China, a detector can be manually inserted into each straw bundle to test for moisture. The detector can store 99 sets of measurement values. After measuring all straw bundles, the measurement results can be stored in a computer connected to the scale. Then use a forklift to unload the goods and input the empty weight of the transport truck into the computer. The computer can calculate the net weight of the straw based on the weight and moisture content before and after.

货车卸货时，叉车将秸杆包放入预先确定的位置;在仓库的另一端，叉车将秸杆包放在进料输送机上;进料输送机有一个缓冲台，可保留秸杆5分钟;秸杆从进料台通过带密封闸门(防火)的进料输送机传送进料系统;秸杆包被推压到两个立式螺杆上，通过螺杆的旋转扯碎秸杆，然后将秸杆传送给螺旋自动给料机，通过给料机将秸杆压入密封的进料通道，然后达到炉床。炉床为水冷式振动炉床，是专门为秸杆燃烧发电厂而开发的设备。

When unloading the truck, the forklift places the straw bales in a predetermined position; At the other end of the warehouse, a forklift places the straw bales on the feed conveyor; The feed conveyor has a buffer table that can retain the straw for 5 minutes; The straw is transported from the feeding platform to the feeding system through a feeding conveyor with a sealed gate (fireproof); The straw package is pushed onto two vertical screws, which rotate and tear the straw into pieces. Then, the straw is conveyed to a spiral automatic feeder, which presses the straw into a sealed feeding channel and reaches the furnace bed. The furnace bed is a water-cooled vibrating furnace bed, specifically developed for straw burning power plants.

锅炉系统

Boiler system

锅炉采用自然循环的汽包锅炉，过热器分两级布置在烟道中，烟道尾部布置省煤器和空气预热器。由于秸杆灰中碱金属的含量相对较高，因此，烟气在高温时(450℃以上)具有较高的腐蚀性。此外，飞灰的熔点较低，易产生结渣的问题。如果灰分变成固体和半流体，运行中就很难，就会阻碍管道中从烟气蒸汽的热量传输。严重时甚会完全堵塞烟气通道，将烟气堵在锅炉中。由于存在这些问题，因此，专门设计了过热器系统，并在国际上的大多数秸杆发电厂中得到运用。

The boiler adopts a natural circulation drum boiler, and the superheater is arranged in two stages in the flue. The tail of the flue is equipped with an economizer and an air preheater. Due to the relatively high content of alkali metals in straw ash, smoke has high corrosiveness at high temperatures (above 450 ℃). In addition, fly ash has a lower melting point and is prone to slagging. If ash becomes solid and semi fluid, it will be difficult to remove during operation, which will hinder the heat transfer from flue gas to steam in the pipeline. In severe cases, it may even completely block the flue gas channel, trapping the flue gas in the boiler. Due to these issues, a dedicated superheater system has been designed and applied in most straw power plants internationally.

运作系统

Operational system

涡轮机和锅炉必须在启动、部分负荷和停止操作等方面保持一致，协调锅炉、汽轮机和空冷凝汽器的工作非常重要。

The turbine and boiler must maintain consistency in starting, partial load, and stopping operations, and coordinating the work of the boiler, turbine, and air condenser is very important.

发电装置

Power generation equipment

丹麦的所有发电厂都是海水冷却的，西班牙的Sanguesa发电厂是河水冷却，英国的Ely发电厂装有空气冷凝器。在，空气冷凝器是一种很成熟的产品，可以在秸秆发电厂中采用。

All power plants in Denmark are cooled by seawater, Sanguesa power plant in Spain is cooled by river water, and Ely power plant in the UK is equipped with air condensers. In China, air condensers are a mature product that can be used in straw power plants.

清洁系统

Cleaning system

在湿法烟气净化系统之后，安装一个布袋除尘器，以便收集烟气中的飞灰。布袋除尘器的排放低于25mg/Nm。布袋除尘器为脉动喷射式，容器由压缩空气脉冲清洁。

After the wet flue gas purification system, install a bag filter to collect fly ash from the flue gas. The emission of bag filter is less than 25mg/Nm. The bag filter is a pulsating jet type, and the container is cleaned by compressed air pulse.

副产物

By-products

秸杆通常含有3-5%的灰分。这种灰以锅炉飞灰和灰渣/炉底灰的形式被收集，这种灰分含有丰富的营养成分如钾、镁、磷和钙，可用作农业肥料。

Straw usually contains 3-5% ash. This ash is collected in the form of boiler fly ash and ash/bottom ash, which contains rich nutrients such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium and can be used as efficient agricultural fertilizers.

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