兰炭煤气发电机组以兰炭生产过程中产生的煤气为燃料进行发电，其工作原理涉及多个关键环节：

The Lantan coal gas generator unit generates electricity using the coal gas produced during the Lantan production process as fuel, and its working principle involves multiple key links:

煤气产生与净化：在兰炭生产过程中，煤炭经过中低温干馏，释放出多种气体，这些混合气体便是兰炭煤气，主要成分包括氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷等可燃气体，同时含有焦油、粉尘、硫化物等杂质。为防止杂质对后续设备造成损害，需对煤气进行净化处理。先通过重力沉降、旋风分离等方式去除较大颗粒的粉尘与焦油，再利用湿法洗涤进一步清除微小颗粒与部分可溶性杂质，最后借助脱硫装置，如采用氧化铁法、活性炭法等，脱除煤气中的硫化物，得到较为纯净的可用于发电的煤气。

Production and purification of coal gas: during the production of semicoke, the coal undergoes medium and low temperature carbonization and releases a variety of gases. These mixed gases are called semicoke gas. The main components include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other combustible gases, as well as tar, dust, sulfide and other impurities. To prevent impurities from causing damage to subsequent equipment, it is necessary to purify the gas. Firstly, larger particles of dust and tar are removed through methods such as gravity settling and cyclone separation. Then, fine particles and some soluble impurities are further removed through wet scrubbing. Finally, desulfurization devices such as iron oxide method and activated carbon method are used to remove sulfides from the gas, resulting in relatively pure gas that can be used for power generation.

煤气燃烧做功：净化后的兰炭煤气被输送至燃气发动机的进气系统。在发动机的气缸内，煤气与适量空气混合形成可燃混合气。当活塞下行，进气门打开，可燃混合气进入气缸；随后活塞上行，压缩可燃混合气，使其温度和压力升高。在压缩冲程末期，火花塞点火，点燃可燃混合气，混合气迅速燃烧膨胀，产生高温高压气体，推动活塞下行做功，将化学能转化为机械能。此过程与常见的汽油、柴油发动机工作原理相似，但由于兰炭煤气成分和燃烧特性不同，发动机的设计和调校也有所差异，需确保煤气能够充分、稳定燃烧，以输出稳定动力。

Gas combustion does work: The purified blue charcoal gas is transported to the intake system of the gas engine. In the cylinder of the engine, gas is mixed with an appropriate amount of air to form a combustible mixture. When the piston descends, the intake valve opens and the combustible mixture enters the cylinder; Subsequently, the piston ascends, compressing the combustible mixture to increase its temperature and pressure. At the end of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites, igniting the combustible mixture. The mixture rapidly burns and expands, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas that pushes the piston down to do work, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. This process is similar to the working principle of common gasoline and diesel engines, but due to the different composition and combustion characteristics of anthracite gas, the design and tuning of the engine also differ. It is necessary to ensure that the gas can burn fully and stably to output stable power.

机械能转化为电能：燃气发动机的活塞通过连杆与曲轴相连，活塞的往复直线运动经连杆转换为曲轴的旋转运动。曲轴与发电机的转子相连，带动发电机转子高速旋转。根据电磁感应原理，发电机内部的定子绕组切割转子产生的磁场磁力线，从而在定子绕组中产生感应电动势。当定子绕组与外部电路接通时，便形成电流，实现机械能到电能的转化。发电机输出的电能一般为交流电，其电压和频率需通过配套的电气设备进行调整和稳定，以满足电网接入要求或直接供用电设备使用。

Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy: The piston of a gas engine is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod, and the reciprocating linear motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the crankshaft through the connecting rod. The crankshaft is connected to the rotor of the generator, driving it to rotate at high speed. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the stator winding inside the generator cuts the magnetic field lines generated by the rotor, thereby generating induced electromotive force in the stator winding. When the stator winding is connected to the external circuit, a current is formed, achieving the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy output by a generator is generally AC power, and its voltage and frequency need to be adjusted and stabilized through supporting electrical equipment to meet the requirements of grid connection or directly supply power to electrical equipment.

余热回收利用：兰炭煤气燃烧发电过程中会产生大量余热，若不加以利用会造成能源浪费。常见的余热回收方式是设置余热锅炉，利用发动机排出的高温废气热量，将锅炉中的水加热产生蒸汽。这些蒸汽可用于工业生产中的加热、蒸煮等工艺，也可驱动蒸汽轮机进一步发电，实现热电联产，显著提高能源利用效率，降低企业生产成本。

Waste heat recovery and utilization: During the combustion of Lan Charcoal gas for power generation, a large amount of waste heat is generated. If not utilized, it will result in energy waste. The common method of waste heat recovery is to set up a waste heat boiler, which uses the heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged by the engine to heat the water in the boiler and generate steam. These steam can be used for heating, cooking and other processes in industrial production, and can also drive steam turbines to further generate electricity, achieve cogeneration, significantly improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce production costs for enterprises.

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